From U.S. Sentencing Committee:
Introduction
As part of its ongoing mission, the United States Sentencing Commission provides
Congress, the judiciary, the executive branch, and the general public with data extracted from and based on sentencing documents submitted by courts to the Commission.1 Data is reported on an annual basis in the Commission’s Annual Report and Sourcebook of Federal Sentencing Statistics.2
The Commission also reports preliminary data for an ongoing fiscal year in order to provide real-time analysis of sentencing practices in the federal courts. Since 2005, the Commission has published a series of quarterly reports that are similar in format and methodology to tables and figures produced in the Sourcebook of Federal Sentencing Statistics. The quarterly reports contain cumulative data for the ongoing fiscal year (i.e., data from the start of the fiscal year through the most current quarter). From time to time the Commission also reports data regarding other sentencing trends, such as resentencings or other modifications of sentences previously imposed.
Section 3582(c)(1)(A) of title 18, United States Code, provides courts with the authority to reduce a term of imprisonment after it has been imposed in specific circumstances. One of the circumstances provided in the statute is that “extraordinary and compelling reasons” warrant such a reduction. Motions asserting that reason are commonly referred to as “compassionate release” motions. When considering any motion under section 3582(c)(1)(A), courts are also required to consider the factors set forth in section 3553(a) of title 18 and to find that any
reduction “is consistent with applicable policy statements issued by the Sentencing Commission.” 3
Before December 2018, courts were authorized to consider motions under section
3582(c)(1)(A) only if they were filed by the Director of the Bureau of Prisons. In December 2018, Congress amended that portion of section 3582 to authorize court s to also consider motions filed by offenders, in certain circumstances.4
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